Baldness, or alopecia, is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While some forms of hair loss are temporary, others can be permanent, depending on the underlying cause. Understanding the different types of baldness can help individuals seek the right treatment and manage hair loss effectively.

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of baldness, affecting both men and women. It is caused by a genetic predisposition and the influence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that shrinks hair follicles over time.

• In men, this condition is known as male pattern baldness, which typically starts with a receding hairline and thinning at the crown.
• In women, female pattern baldness leads to overall hair thinning, usually without a receding hairline.

While androgenetic alopecia is progressive, treatments such as minoxidil, finasteride, and hair transplantation can help slow down hair loss and restore hair density.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, causing sudden hair loss in small, round patches. In some cases, the condition may progress to alopecia totalis (complete scalp hair loss) or alopecia universalis (loss of all body hair).

Although the exact cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to its development. Treatments like corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy may help stimulate hair regrowth.

Telogen effluvium is a temporary form of hair loss caused by physical or emotional stress, hormonal changes, or medical conditions. It occurs when a large number of hair follicles prematurely enter the telogen (resting) phase, leading to excessive shedding.

Common triggers include:

• Severe illness or infection
• Childbirth
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Stress or trauma
• Certain medications

In most cases, hair regrows once the underlying cause is addressed, and a balanced diet, stress management, and proper hair care can help accelerate recovery.

Scarring alopecia is a rare but permanent form of hair loss caused by inflammation that destroys hair follicles and replaces them with scar tissue. Unlike other types of alopecia, hair does not grow back once scarring occurs.

Some of the common causes include:

• Lichen planopilaris
• Discoid lupus erythematosus
• Frontal fibrosing alopecia
• Folliculitis decalvans

Early diagnosis is essential to prevent further hair loss, and treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants can help control the condition.

Traction alopecia results from excessive tension on the hair follicles due to tight hairstyles, such as braids, ponytails, or extensions. Over time, constant pulling weakens the follicles, leading to hair loss, especially along the hairline and temples.

To prevent traction alopecia:

• Avoid tight hairstyles and excessive heat styling
• Use gentle hair care products
• Allow the scalp time to recover by wearing loose hairstyles

If detected early, hair can regrow once the tension is removed. However, prolonged damage may lead to permanent hair loss.

Trichotillomania is a psychological condition in which individuals compulsively pull out their own hair, leading to noticeable bald patches. It is classified as an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and often occurs in response to stress or anxiety.

Treatment options include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, and habit-reversal techniques to help individuals manage the condition and promote hair regrowth.

The best approach to managing baldness depends on the type and severity of hair loss. Some of the most effective treatment options include:

• Medications: Minoxidil and finasteride can help slow down hair loss and promote regrowth in some cases.
• Hair Transplant Surgery: Follicular unit extraction (FUE) and follicular unit transplantation (FUT) are popular procedures for restoring hair in balding areas.
• Scalp Micropigmentation: A non-surgical technique that creates the illusion of fuller hair by tattooing tiny pigment dots on the scalp.
• Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, stress management, and proper scalp care can support overall hair health.

Each type of baldness requires a different treatment approach, and consulting a specialist can help determine the most suitable option.